Sensor Size Explained, and Why It Beats Megapixels (Galaxy Tab S10 Ultra)
Sensor Size Explained, and Why It Beats Megapixels explained, with the Galaxy Tab S10 Ultra's own measured figures as the worked example: a larger sensor gathers more light per pixel, which is why a 1...
Maya Okonkwo
The gist of it
Galaxy Tab S10 Ultra, weight 718g — Sensor Size Explained, and Why It Beats Megapixels. Measured on hardware rather than argued from theory, on a device we rate for expandable storage via microSD.
A larger sensor gathers more light per pixel, which is why a 12MP full-frame image can beat a 108MP phone shot after dark.
Why this matters: Megapixel counts are the most prominently advertised and least useful camera specification.
The mechanism
Image quality in low light depends on how many photons each photosite collects. Doubling resolution on the same sensor halves the area per pixel. Manufacturers compensate by binning — combining neighbouring pixels into one larger virtual pixel — which is why a 200MP phone outputs 12MP files by default.
What it looks like in practice
Take the Galaxy Tab S10 Ultra as a worked example. The 14.6in panel is large enough that two documents side by side is actually usable. That is the difference this makes once you stop reading specifications and start using the thing.
| Specification | Galaxy Tab S10 Ultra |
|---|---|
| Display | 14.6in AMOLED, 120Hz |
| Chip | Dimensity 9300+ |
| RAM | 12GB |
| Storage | 256GB |
| Weight | 718g |
| Battery | 11200mAh |
| Screen-on time | 8h 10m |
The spread across devices
One worked example is an anecdote. Here is how the figure that drives this behaviour actually varies across the hardware we have measured in this category — same test, same conditions, so the spread is real rather than an artefact of who reviewed what.
| Model | Display | Price | Our score |
|---|---|---|---|
| Galaxy Tab S10 Ultra | 14.6in AMOLED, 120Hz | £1199 | 4 / 5 |
| iPad Pro 13 (M4) | 13in tandem OLED, 120Hz | £1299 | 5 / 5 |
| iPad Air 11 (M2) | 11in IPS, 60Hz | £599 | 4 / 5 |
| Galaxy Tab S9 FE | 10.9in IPS, 90Hz | £449 | 3 / 5 |
What good actually looks like
It helps to have a number in mind before you start comparing. Across the tablets we have measured, the useful thresholds are the ones where a difference stops being visible: below them you notice, above them you are paying for a specification rather than an experience. The Galaxy Tab S10 Ultra reports 14.6in AMOLED, 120Hz for display, which sits comfortably on the right side of that line, and Dimensity 9300+ for chip. Treat anything materially below those as a real compromise and anything materially above as a number you are unlikely to feel.
Common misconceptions
- More megapixels always means a better photo
- Binning is a marketing trick with no real effect
- Sensor size does not matter once you have enough light
How to check this on your own device
- Reproduce the conditions rather than trusting a one-off reading — run the same task three times and take the average.
- Note the figure your device reports and the figure it actually achieves; on the Galaxy Tab S10 Ultra those diverge under sustained load.
- Change one variable at a time. Brightness, background sync and ambient temperature all move this number independently.
- Compare against the manufacturer’s stated figure and treat any gap as the cost of real-world conditions, not as a fault.
- Repeat after a firmware update — this is one of the numbers that moves without an announcement.
What to do with this
Compare sensor size and aperture before resolution, particularly if you shoot indoors or at night.
Light gathered beats pixels counted.
Behind this piece
Every product covered here was bought at retail and lived with for at least a fortnight before a word was written. Battery figures come from a scripted day rather than a manufacturer estimate, and sustained performance is measured warm — after half an hour of load — because that is the state a device spends most of its life in.
Where a firmware update changes a result, the piece is re-tested and the change noted rather than quietly corrected. No review unit arrives with conditions attached, and no score is agreed in advance with anybody.
Where to go next
If you are weighing this against the rest of the tablets we have covered, the category archive lists every review in date order. The closest comparisons we have published are Sensor Size Explained, and Why It Beats Megapixels (Galaxy Tab S9 FE) and Sensor Size Explained, and Why It Beats Megapixels (OnePlus Pad 2).
For the reference material behind these figures, the specification pages carry the measured numbers, and the common questions collect what people ask once something is in daily use.
